[6] Het valt op dat de kennisintensiteit van de Nederlandse economie vanaf 2026 weer wat afneemt. Dit komt door een geleidelijk ingroeipad van extra R&D-uitgaven, die we in latere jaren compenseren door een hoger dan gemiddelde investeringen in R&D. De uiteindelijke vlakke lijn na 2030 is het pad op basis van de gemiddelde R&D-impuls over de gehele periode.
Literatuur
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297.
Bassanini, A., Scarpetta, S., & Hemmings, P. (2001). Economic growth: the role of policies and institutions. Panel data evidence from OECD countries.
Baumann, J., Kritikos, A. (2016). The link between R&D, Innovation and Productivity, Are Micro Firms Different? Research Policy, 45(6), 1113-1322.
Bloom, N., Schankerman, M., & Van Reenen, J. (2013). Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry. Econometrica, 81(4), 1347-1393.
Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2005). Microeconometrics: Methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, G., Proudman, J., & Redding, S. (2005). Technological convergence, R&D, trade and productivity growth. European Economic Review, 49(3), 775-807.
Carlin, W., Glyn, A., & Van Reenen, J. (2001). Export market performance of OECD countries: an empirical examination of the role of cost competitiveness. The Economic Journal, 111(468), 128-162.
Coe, D. T., & Helpman, E. (1995). International R&D spillovers. European economic review, 39(5), 859-887.
Dieteren, J., Groenewegen, J. Hardeman, S., Garretsen, H., de Haan, L., en Stoker, J. (2018). Managementkwaliteit in Nederland gemeten. ESB, 103 (4765): 414-417.
Donselaar, P. (2011). Innovatie en productiviteit: het Solow-residu ontrafeld. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
Erken, H.P.G., F. van Es en H.J.D. van Harn (2021a). Overheid: investeer ons nu uit de crisis. Rabobank, Utrecht.
Erken, H.P.G., F. van Es en H.J.D. van Harn (2021b). De lage R&D-investeringen in Nederland kosten groei. ESB, 106(4795S), 40-44.
Erken, H.P.G., F. Van Es en J. Groenewegen (2019). Het groeipotentieel van de Nederlandse economie tot 2030. Rabobank, Utrecht.
Guloglu, B., & Tekin, B. (2012). A panel causality analysis of the relationship among research and development, innovation, and economic growth in high-income OECD countries. Eurasian Economic review (2), 32-47.
Granger, C.W.J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111–120.
Greene, W. H. (2018). Econometric analysis. 8e editie, Pearson.
Groenewegen, J. en S. Hardeman (2019), Adoptie data-gedreven besluitvorming belemmerd door matig personeelsmanagement, MeJudice.
Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
Kao, C. and Chiang, M.-H. (2001), On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data, in: Baltagi, B.H., Fomby, T.B. and Carter Hill, R. (Ed.). Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels (Advances in Econometrics, Vol. 15), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 179-222.
Lee, G. (2005). International R&D spillovers revisited. Open Economies Review, 16(3), 249-262.
Nickell, S. (1981). Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica, 1417-1426.
OECD (2016). Irish GDP up by 26.3% in 2015?. Parijs: OECD.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review.
Redding, S. (1996). The low-skill, low-quality trap: Strategic complementarities between human capital and R & D. The Economic Journal, 106(435), 458-470.
Reinganum, J. F. (1985). Innovation and industry evolution. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100(1), 81-99.
Stock, J. H., & Watson, M. W. (1993). A simple estimator of cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica, 783-820.